Octavian Augustus (23rd 9th 63 BC. - 19. 8. 14 AD) - the first Roman emperor, known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus. Governments took in 27 BC. Declining Republic replaced autocracy, its onset State brought a period of prosperity and inner peace.

Octavian began his impressive career after the murder of Gaius Julius Caesar, who from him in his will made heir. He himself came from a relatively insignificant family, his mother, however, was Caesar's niece. Along with Mark Antony, Lepidus and Mark Aemilia created called Second Triumvirate , which makes allies regained power over Rome and significantly reduce the influence of the Senate. After the deal with opponents, but there was a dissension among them themselves. Lepidus was dismissed, with Octavian and Mark Antony, who supported the Egyptian queen Cleopatra, clashed in the naval battle of Actium and won by a landslide. Pulling culminated Oktavi�nov�ch landing troops in Egypt and Antony's suicide, when his soldiers deserted en masse to the enemy.

This Octavian opened the way to a complete domination of Rome. Nevertheless, the restored republic and formally ruled Senate, the real power was concentrated in the hands of Octavian, who won the title Augutus (Noble) and could even determine his successor.

The period of his reign is known as the Pax Romana (Roman Peace). Emperor instituted economic and social reforms, and managed to calm the domestic political scene, thus creating the conditions for ending the civil war. However, continued to fight outside the borders of the empire, which successfully expanded the Roman legions. Ended in failure only campaign in Germania that initially developed as expected. Despite the Germanic tribes led by Arminius, however, resulted in open rebellion. After several days of battle in the Teutonic forest were destroyed three Roman legions and northern regions of the empire had never quite mastered.

After the death of Octavian Augustus was declared a god. His name is called the eighth calendar month in many countries around the world.