Albert Einstein (14. 3. 1879 - 18. 4. 1955) - theoretical physicist. Brilliant scientist who defined the general theory of relativity and other theories explaining the patterns of how the universe works. Nobel Prize in Physics. As a humanist lobbied against military diversion of nuclear energy.

Time magazine in 1999 named as Person of the Century. Albert Einstein was born to a Jewish merchant Hermann Einstein in the German city of Ulm. After about a year the family moved to Munich, where he received basic education and where the age of nine he joined the school. Excelled in mathematics and physics, school, however, disagreed with the professors did not finish school and could not go on any German university. So he tried to pass the entrance exam to the University Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH). Succeeded the second attempt, when he had completed education at the cantonal school in Aarau. Studies at the ETH, which he finished in 1900, met his first wife, Mileva Mari� Serb (one of the first women students at ETH). In Switzerland briefly taught high school and in 1902 he joined as a clerk at the Patent Office in Bern. Three years later he published four groundbreaking scientific papers, which became the foundation of modern physics. In the first, studied the Brownian motion, the second photoelectric effect. The third topic was the special theory of relativity (in it unlike later published the general theory of relativity did not take into account the gravity). In the fourth article discussed the relationship of mass, energy and the speed of light. This dependence is expressed known formula E = mc2, which was illustrated by the immense energy hidden in the mass. Calculation, scientists have used to construct a nuclear weapon.

In the years 1911-1912 Einstein stayed in Prague, where he taught at the German University of Prague. Since 1913 he served as member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences and Director of the Research Institute of Physics of Kaiser Wilhelm. In 1921, he received the Nobel Prize for his contribution in the field of quantum physics.

From Germany, Einstein drove the growing Nazi movement. In the strongly anti-Semitic environment as a Jew could not and did not intend to stay. In 1933 demonstratively terminated his membership in the Academy and went to the USA, where he joined the Institute of Advanced Study in Princeton. As a pacifist appealed to world governments to refrain from intention to create ultimate weapon, the atomic bomb, but without success. Became his memorable phrase: "I do not know what is going to fight in World War III, but in the fourth to be stones and sticks."

Einstein was a vegetarian, condemned the violence and the future of humanity seen in peaceful cooperation. It is interesting that in 1950, Klement Gottwald asked for mercy Milada Horakova and others sentenced after show trials.

Son Hans Albert Einstein became a specialist in the field of hydraulics and university professor in California. The younger son Eduard was musically talented, but suffered from a mental disorder and was later placed in an institution. Einstein's second marriage remained childless cousin Elsa. Albert Einstein died in the USA, his body was cremated the same day and the ashes scattered at an undisclosed location.